Regenerative endodontics, with the development of biologically based treatment modalities, includes methods used to replace diseased dental pulp or to allow complete formation of a dental pulplike tissue, to maintain the normal function of dental pulp. Today, the major treatment in regenerative endodontics appears to use oral or periapical derived stem cells to create microenvironment to facilitate pulp repair or regeneration, some novel procedures like pulp revascularization or cell homing regeneration were performed to treat immature permanent teeth with pulp necrosis, which provides many research materials and available treatment methods for the regeneration of dental pulp. The purpose of this article is to review the current situation and prospects of regenerative endodontics.

Objective To address the expression of IL-34 regulated by TNF-α in SD rats mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) cells and to investigate its regulation and pathogenic role in temporomandibular disorders. Methods The third generation of condylar cartilage cells were taken. A variety of concentrations (0, 1, 10, 20, 50 ng/mL) of TNFα were added to the culture medium for 24h and cells were cultured at increasing timepoints (1, 3, 6, 10, 24 h) in the presence of TNF-α (10 ng/mL). The production of IL34 was measured using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)and IL-34 mRNA levels were determined by realtime reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). Results ①IL-34 was detected in MCC cells; ②The production of IL-34mRNA was enhanced by TNF-α in a timedependent and dosedependent manner. Conclusion This data provides novel information about the production of IL-34 stimulated by TNF-α in MCC cells.

Objective To study and compare the effects of the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from different samples of parotid mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs). Methods The hPMSCs of three patients were isolated and cultured, then were used by a combination of sufcient episomal reprogramming vectors that consist of OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, LMYC, LIN28 and shRNA targeting TP53 to generate iPSCs. The difference of iPS cells induced among three sources of parotid cells on the same condition was compared. Results Three samples of parotid gland mesenchymal stem cells were successful in inducing iPSCs, and their formation rates were respectively 0.11%, 0.10% and 0.09%, no significant difference (P＞ 0.05); formation time of iPSC clones induced was different (P< 0.05); the doubling time of hPMSCiPSCs was no difference in maintaining culture after iPSCs formation (P＞ 0.05). Conclusion The hPMSCiPSCs can be successfully induced by hPMSCs from different patients, and there is no difference in induction efficiency, while exits the difference in induction time.

Objective Through the animal experiment to observe the effectiveness of TFs on the prevention of the dental caries. Methods Twentyfour 23-dayold SD rats were divided randomly into three groups (TFs、NaF、H2O), 8 rats per group, half male and half female. All the rats were inoculated with S.mutans and fed with cariesinducing diet 2000 and the 5% sugar water, and then rats’ were rinsed with the MIC purity TFs、250 mg/L NaF solution and distilled water separately. After 5 weeks’ sequential processing execution, rats were sacrificed for scoring caries molar teeth by Keyes' method, and the rats’ molar caries situation was evaluated. Finally, the data collected were analyzed with SPSS 22.0 version. Results The Keyes scores showed rats under TFs appeared different degrees of caries’ lesion, and it had reduced the prevalence rates of dental smooth surface caries by 85.0% and sulcal surface dentine caries by 62.5%. Conclusions The TFs in MIC has an obvious inhibitory effect on the dentine caries of rats.

Objective To investigate the different expressions and differential diagnosis values of HBD-3 in benign and malignant tumors and inflammation of salivary gland. Methods 87 cases of salivary gland benign tumor specimens, 35 cases of salivary gland malignant tumor specimens, 46 cases of inflammation specimens and 65 cases of normal salivary gland tissue specimens were selected from March 2009 to April 2014 in our hospital. The expressions of HBD3 protein in salivary gland tissues of different types of diseases were detected by SP immunohistochemistry. The expressions of HBD-3 mRNA in salivary gland tissues of different types of diseases were tested by RT-PCR. Results HBD-3 protein in salivary gland malignant tumor tissue showed low expression, which was found in the cytoplasm and nucleus, whereas in salivary gland benign tumor tissue and inflammatory tissues HBD-3 protein showed high expressions, which were expressed in the cytoplasm. The expression of HBD3 protein in salivary gland malignant tumor tissue was lower than the normal salivary gland tissue, while in salivary gland benign tumor tissue and inflammatory tissue the expressions were significantly higher than the normal salivary gland tissue, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with normal salivary gland tissue, the relative expression of HBD-3 mRNA in salivary gland malignant tumor tissue significantly reduced, while in salivary gland benign tumor tissue and inflammatory tissue, the relative expression levels significantly increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion HBD-3 protein and gene in salivary gland benign tumor tissue and inflammatory tissue shows high expression, while in salivary gland malignant tumor tissue it shows low expression, and also appears nuclear transfer of protein expression. It might have some anti-tumor potential. 

Objective To analyze the influence of platform switching with different implantabutment mismatch sizes on the stress distribution of the implant system and bone tissue. Methods Based on the Ankylos implant system (Ankylos C/X 4.5 mm×11 mm), four 3D finite element models were simulated by using Mimics, Solidworks, and Patran software, with both vertical and oblique load on each model. The implantabutment mismatch sizes of different models were 0.0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mm respectively. The Von Mises stress and the trend of stress distribution were analyzed in each model. Results Compared with the platformmatched implant, the group of platformswitched implant had a lower maximum Von Mises stress in the periimplant bone. With the increase of mismatch size, the stress concentration in the cortical bone was found to decline. However, when the mismatch size was no less than 2 mm, the stress concentration in cortical bone was observed to show an increased tendency. Conclusions The amplitude of horizontal mismatch may have a positive effect on the reduction of the stress concentration on implantbone interface. On the contrary, there is an increasing tendency in the stress concentration with the excessive increase of mismatch size.

Objective To research the effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation on dentin bonding strength. Methods Forty extracted human premolars or molars were randomly divided into 4 groups : group A，acidetching group (35％ phosphoric acid); group B，Er:YAG laser group; group C，Er:YAG laser + acidetching group; group D，control group. Two teeth selected randomly from each group were cut into 3 mm dentin slices, then observed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM）after treatment. The remaining teeth were prepared into unified dentin bonding surfaces, then combined with resin to test shear bond strength. Results SEM showed that apparent changes occurred to dentin morphology after treatment. The results of statistical analysis showed that group A had the highest shear bond strength (16.03±6.56) MPa and was followed by group C (13.21±6.08) MPa, but there was no significant difference between them（P＞0.05）.Group D had the lowest shear bond strength(4.52±1.02) MPa, and there was no significant difference between group D and group B (7.91±4.56) MPa（P＞0.05）, while there was a significant difference between group D and group A and group C（P<0.05）. Conclusion Compared with Er:YAG laser irradiation alone, acid etching after laser irradiation can enhance the shear bond strength between dentin and resin.

Objective To investigate the effects of bilateral intermittent nasal obstruction on the mandibular growth and development of young rats. Methods Thirty 3-weekold SD rats were randomly distributed into three groups (n=10 each). The experimental subjects were treated with single / both nostrils occluded with nose plugs, while the internal control group was left with blank treatment. The experimental subjects were sacrificed after 4 weeks and their mandibles were detached. Ten variables of mandibles were acquired based on Xrays. Results The subjects with bilateral nasal obstruction showed significant reduced mandible and femur in size compared to unilateral nasal obstruction group and control group. However, only length of mandibular body 、height of first molar in mandible and length of femur in unilateral nasal obstruction group showed significant difference compared to control group. Conclusion The bilateral intermittent nasal obstruction may retard the development of mandibles in rats.

Objective The study was carried out to evaluate In Vitro occlusion effect on dentinal tubule orifice by smearing or transparent pressureswage application of bioactive glass desensitizer using FESEM. To provide rationale and evidence for strengthening efficacy of bioactive glass desensitizing treatment. Methods 56 dentin slices were prepared from extracted teeth and treated with 6% citric acid solution to demineralization, then dentin slices were randomly divided into 7 groups according to different treating methods and durations: smearing 1day group (A1), smearing 3 day group (A2), smearing 7 day group (A3), pressureswage 1day group (B1), pressureswage 3day group (B2), pressureswage 7day group (B3) and negative control group. Occlusion effect was observed in dentinal tubule orifice in each group via Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Result FESEM results indicated that dentinal tubule was well occluded after smearing or transparent pressureswage application of bioactive glass desensitizer. Apparent mineral deposition was observed in dentinal tubule. Dentinal tubule exposure rates were A1(6.29±1.18)%、A2(3.40±0.84)%、A3(1.23±0.43)% 1、3、7 days after smearing method. Dentinal tubule exposure rates were B1(5.31±0.97)%、B2(1.4±0.30)%、B3(0.36±0.15)% 1、3、7 days after pressureswage method. The difference of dentinal tubule exposure between A1and B1 was not statistically significant (p value=0.42). While differences of exposure in A2/B2 and A3/B3 were statistically significant (p value=0.007 and 0.013). In negative control group, dentinal tubule was open with clear border and dentinal tubule exposure rate was (19.11±1.27)%. Conclusion transparent pressureswage method can improve occlusion effect of bioactive glass desensitizer in a short period of time. Compared with smearing method the improvement is significant.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of two different bleaching operation modes regarding the degree of bleaching and changes of color parameters. Methods 12 patients were treated with two bleaching operation modes, including three continuous sessions in one treatment and oneday interval between two sessions. Maxillary central incisor color was registered during each session and 1 week after completing the treatment by a dental colorimeter, registering parameters L*, a*, b*, color difference values, and whiteness values. Results For both bleaching operation modes, increase in L* values and decrease in b* values were found after bleaching. There was no significant difference in the color difference values after bleaching between bleaching operation mode A and B. Both bleaching operation modes showed a significant change in whiteness values after bleaching. Especially, whiteness values increased after each session for bleaching operation mode B. Conclusion Both bleaching operation modes can result in increase in brightness and blue shift in healthy central upper incisors when performing heating thermostat teeth bleaching.

Objective To evaluate the effects of two different suture techniques of the triangular flap on the postoperative complications after the removal of impacted lower third molar. Method A prospective, randomized clinical trial was conducted among 100 patients who underwent surgical extraction of impacted lower third molar at the Department of Oral Surgery in Stomatological Hospital of Jiangsu Province. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups (each group of 50 people). Two different techniques (complete closure and partial closure of the wound) were performed respectively with conventional antiinfection therapy postoperatively. The control group adopted the complete closure while the observation group the partial closure after operation. Postoperative complications were evaluated prior to the surgical procedure and also at 48 hours and 7 days postoperatively. Result No statistically significant differences were observed for bleeding(P＞0.05), swelling(P＞0.05)，pain (P＞0.05) and trismus(P＞0.05) between the observation group and the control group. Conclusion Partial closure of the flap without suturing the relieving incision after surgical extraction of lower third molar reduces operating time and it does not increase the postoperative complications compared with complete closure of the wound.

Obejetive To explore the expression of TNF-α, BAFF, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the serum of patients with primary Sjgeren’s syndrome and to provide experimental basis for clinical treatment of pSS. Methods Fifty primary Sjgeren’s syndrome patients were diagnosed by pathological examination. Serum expression levels of TNF-α, BAFF, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The software SPSS was used for statistical analysis. Results The expression levels of TNF-α, BAFF, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 obviously increased in serum of pSS patients compared with healthy subjects (P<0.05). Conclusion TNF-α, BAFF, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 may be involved in the occurrence and development of pSS, and the exact interactions between them still need further research.

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of exposure therapy on the patients with dental fear. Methods 63 cases of extraction treatment with dental fear, were divided into two groups in accordance with the medical ID card on the bottom: odd numbers were exposed therapy group, even numbers were control group. Questionnaire assessment was used to evaluate the degree of postoperative anxiety, degree of cooperation in operation, the fear scores of oral treatment after treatment and 91 days after the selfassessment. Results All of the 63 patients had good treatment. Compared with the control group, the total average dental fear scores were lower than those of control group after exposure, and self rating of oral treatment also decreased the fear scores. Conclusion The effect of exposure therapy for the treatment of patients with dental fear and the relief of postoperative anxiety is obvious and safe.

Objective To observe the effects of combined use of Bio-oss bone collagen membrane and Bio-gide generation materials of guided bone regeneration in the treatment of mandibular third molar alveolar bone defect after extraction. Methods 24 cases of mandibular third molar patients with tooth extraction were randomly divided into GBR group and control group, each group having 12 patients. GBR group received scratch, alveolar bone repair, Bio-oss and Bio-gide GBR techniques after extraction; control group only received scratch and alveolar bone repair. The conditions of alveolar bone regeneration of all patients were recorded after 3 months. Results Both two groups had alveolar bone regeneration compared with the preoperative. X-ray showed, GBR group was better than the control group, and had significant differences. New bone formation and adjacent teeth of alveolar bone height of GTR group was better than control group. Conclusion Combined use of Bio-oss bone collagen membrane and Bio-gide generation materials of guided bone regeneration promotes alveolar bone regeneration of tooth extraction area and improves alveolar bone height of adjacent teeth.

Objective To investigate the effect of distalization of the lower dentition using the microimplant on the upper airway dimensions in patients with class Ⅲ malocclusion. Methods 12 patients were selected to distalize the lower dentition with the microimplant. The cephalometric radiographs of the pre and posttreatment upper airway and dental changes were measured and statistically analyzed. Results There were statistically significant reductions in LPW,UPW and especially PAS. Meanwhile, obvious decreasing of L1-MP and slightly increasing of SNA were found. Other changes had no statistically significant differences. Conclusion The treatment of distalizing the lower dentition by using microimplant leads to the narrowness of upper airway, mainly in PAS area.

Objective To study the effectiveness and security of Pudilan Keyanning toothpaste on the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcer(RAU). Methods A randomized, doubleblind, placebocontrolled clinical trial was applied in the treatment of RAU. 40 cases in the experimental group and the other 40 cases（39 cases finished） in the control group were administered with Pudilan Keyanning toothpaste and placebo respectively on the ulcer twice a day for 6 days. The effect was evaluated by ulcer healing ratio, ulcer healing time, change of pain indexes, ulcer area, exudates and hyperemia score of ulcer. Safety of the toothpaste was monitored by adverse even (AE) observation. Results Treatment was completed,40 and 39 cases in the experimental and control groups respectively. The ulcer healing ratio of two groups was 95.00% and 51.28% respectively at day 6（P<0.05）. DR (Days) of 50% cases in the experimental and control groups were 5 and 6 respectively. Comparisons of pain indexes, area of ulcer, exudates and hyperemia score of ulcer at day 6 showed remarkable significance. No AE related to the toothpaste occurred in the two groups. Conclusions Pudilan Keyanning toothpaste is effective and safe in the treatment of RAU. 

Objective To investigate the periodontal health in patients with oral mucosal diseases through epidemiology investigation methods and provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Methods 766 patients from Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were given periodontal specialist examinations and then filled in the questionnaire. Results were statistically analyzed with SPSS software. Results The rates of the periodontal health of patients with oral mucosal diseases were fewer than 10.70%. Oral hygiene and periodontal heath were significantly affected by different genders, ages, education and oral care. The two oral mucosal diseases with the highest visiting rates were recurrent aphthous ulcer (34.20%) and oral lichen planus (32.64%). The higher periodontitis prevalence rates of recurrent aphthous ulcer and oral lichen planus were 95.42% and 92.80%, respectively. Conclusion Periodontal health is related to the onset and development of oral mucosal diseases. Reasons for bad oral conditions of patients with oral mucosal diseases and whether bad periodontal health has adverse effect on oral mucosal lesions should be analyzed from various perspectives, and active prevention measures should be taken.

Objective To analyze the dental caries status and oral health behavior of 5-yearold local and migrant children in Shanghai, and to provide information supports for designing oral health care programs and making relevant policies. Methods By using equalsized stratified randomly sampling method, this survey was carried out on the oral health status of 575 children aged 5 in Shanghai. Parents were investigated by questionnaire. Results The prevalence of caries among 5yearold children was 65.74%, mean DMFT score was 3.35, and the prevalence of local children was obviously lower than migrant children (P<0.05). The caries filling constituent ratio was 12.57%, and there was a significant difference between migrant and local children(P<0.01). Compared with local children, more migrant children took sweet snacks before sleep (P<0.05). Only 19.44% of migrant children brushed their teeth twice or more daily, which was significantly lower than local children (P<0.01). The percentage of migrant children who had never visited a dentist was higher than that of local children (P<0.01). Conclusions The dental caries status and oral health behavior of migrant children are obviously worse than local children in Shanghai. To promote children’s oral health further, it is necessary to strengthen public oral health services for migrant children, take preventive measures and target health education at migrant groups in the future.

Objective To compare the cariespreventive effect between pit and fissure sealant and fluor protector on first permanent molars pit and fissure caries. Methods The first permanent molars of 300 children were treated respectively with light cured pit and fissure sealant (left side) and fluor protector (right side), and incidence of caries was examined respectively after 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 years. Results No significant differences of incidence of caries were detected after 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 years. Conclusion Both pit and fissure sealant and fluor protector have good clinical effect on preventing caries.

With the continuous development of dental materials and operation technology, implant restoration has become part of the edentulous patients’ selections. Periimplantitis, as a common complication after implant rehabilitation, occurs with many complicated factors which mainly include bacterial infection. What’s more, improper treatment will lead to the ultimate failure. The common methods of treating inflammation around the implant include mechanical therapy, laser therapy, systemic or topical application of antibiotics, chemotherapy and surgery treatments. This paper will analyze the different nonsurgical treatments of periimplantitis according to previous studies.

During the period of preparation and application to the patients, titanium implants will undergo the biological aging process. It has been the focus on how to preserve the bioactivity of titanium implants. This article reviewed the effects of different storage mediums on titanium implants bioactivity and provides reference for the following clinical research.

Dental phobia is a kind of social mental illness, which prevents people from dental treatment and nursing. It is urgently needed to be solved. This article focuses on reviewing the research progress of the causes of children's dental phobia.

　MiR-146 was the first small molecules RNA (microRNA) found in the immune system with a regulatory role. At present, it has been proved that miR146 can be involved in many physiological and pathological processes in the body, and miR-146 in cancer, immunity, inflammation and other related diseases has been deeply studied. In recent years, in stomatology, the role and mechanism of miR-146 have attracted much attention. This paper reviews the research progress of miR-146 in oral infectious diseases and noninfectious diseases.