Abstract：0bjective To investigate the effect and the mechanism of TGF-β3 on the osteogenic differentiation of rabbit dental pulp stem cells(rDPSCs).Methods rDPSCs in third passage were divided into the test group(rDPSCs+80ng/ml TGF-β3),control group (rDPSCs+osteogenic medium)and blank group(rDPSCs)；For each group after 7,14d, ALP activity was measured, RT—qPCR was carried out to measure the expression of COL-1A1,Runx-2,OPN,BSP and Smad4,and alizarin red S staining(ARS) was held after14,21 day to testify mineralized matrix productivity. Results ALP activity showed significant difference in each two groups（P＜0.05）. Experimental group showed higher expression of COL-1A1,Runx-2,OPN,BSP and Smad4 than the blank group（P＜0.05） and higher expression of COL-1A1 and Smad4 than the control group（P＜0.05）. Conclusion TGF-β3 can improve the osteogenic differentiation of rDPSCs and this process maybe through activating Smad pathway.

Objective　 To explore the toxicity of Mycophenolic acid (MPA) on the craniofacial development of zebrafish embryos. Methods The zebrafish embryos were treated with MPA to observe the craniofacial malformation at different stages. In 72 hpf, cartilage staining was used to observe the development of craniofacial cartilage. Q-PCR was used to detect the expression level of IMPDH genes. The guanosine was added to examine its rescue of MPA-treated malformation in morphological and genetic aspects. Results MPA caused severe craniofacial malformation in zebrafish embryos. The staining results showed delayed craniofacial development and abnormal phenotype in treated embryos. Gene detection showed that the expression levels of impdh1b and impdh2 were significantly down-regulated by MPA acid. Guanosine could rescue malformation caused by MPA. Conclusion MPA can cause the craniofacial development malformation in zebrafish embryos by down-regulating the IMPDH genes which inhibits the activity of IMPDH.

Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of IL-17 combined with IFN-γduring the process of inducing RAW264.7 of mouse osteoclast precursor cell line into mature osteoclasts on the proliferation and apoptosis. Methods The differentiation study model of osteoclastin in vitro was established with 50 ng/mL RANKL and 30 ng/mL M-CSF inducing RAW264.7 of mouse osteoclast precursor cell line. After Raw264.7 cells were cultured for 24 hours, they were divided into three groups: the first group of IL-17, the second group of IFN-γ, and the third group of IL-17 combined with IFN-γ.The cultured osteoclasts were identified by the staining of tartrate-resistance acid phosphatase (TRAP). Viability was determined using cell counting kit-8. Apoptosis was measured with AnnexinV cell apoptosis test. Furthermore, RT-PCR was used to examine the expression difference of mRNA. Results With 50 ng/mL IL-17 combined with different concentrations of IFN-γ, the growth of RAW264.7 was inhibited by the increase of IFN-γin a concentration dependent manner. IFN-γ inhibited the proliferation of pre-osteoclast in a dose-dependent manner (P< 0.05). The apoptosis rate of combined effect of IL-17 and IFN-γwas higher than that of IL-17 alone, and the expression of apoptosis-related gene FasL was significantly higher in IFN-γ with IL-17 than IFN-γ only. Conclusion During the differentiation of RAW264.7 into osteoclasts, IL-17 combined with IFN-γ can inhibit the proliferation of osteoclast precursor cell and promote the apoptosis of RAW264.7.

Abstract： Objective To investigate the effects of Danshensu on the proliferation, migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 in vitro. Methods Danshensu was used to treat CAL-27 cells, and the effect of Danshensu on the activity of CAL-27 cells were detected by MTT assay. The scratch test determined the effect of Danshensu on the migration ability of CAL-27 cells. The transwell assay inspected its effect on the invasive ability of cells.Results MTT showed that Danshensu inhibited the proliferation of CAL-27 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner at concentrations of Danshensu at 40 μg/mL, 60 μg/mL and 80 μg/mL. In the scratch test, the difference between the 24h group and the control group was statistically significant. (P<0.01). The results of Transwell invasion assay showed that Danshensu can reduce the invasive ability of CAL-27 cells. Conclusion In vitro ,danshensu inhibits the proliferation of CAL-27 cells and reduces the migration and invasion of CAL-27 cells.

Objective　The aim of this article is to discuss the difference between digital parallel periapical radiograph and digital panoramic radiography in evaluating the angular resorption of alveolar. Methods　By means of digital parallel periapical radiograph and digital panoramic radiography, 55 teeth points in 47 patients with periodontitis were evaluated bone resorption horizontally and vertically. Then compared with the method of clinical operation by analysis of variance .Results Whether measured horizontally or vertically, the result of digital parallel periapical radiograph is more similar as clinical operation than digital panoramic radiography. The results showed that the data of vertical distance of the angular resorption by means of digital parallel periapical radiographs the most similar to the results of the clinical operation. Conclusions　The digitized parallel periapical radiograph can reflect the true extent of the angular resorption in the alveolar bone more accurately.

Objective: to investigate the epidemiological analysis and experience in diagnosis and treatment of oral and maxillofacial space infection. Methods: 311 cases of oral and maxillofacial space infection were retrospectively analyzed.Results: odontogenic infection was the most common cause of oral and maxillofacial space infection.56.6% of the hospitalized patients had a course of more than 1 week.Multispace infection (70.5%) is more common than single space infection (29.5%).Patients over 60 years of age were the highest age group with 38.9% of the disease.Streptococcus sanguis is the highest bacteria in oral and maxillofacial space infection patients(34.2%).Descending mediastinum is the most common life-threatening complication.78.1% of the patients underwent abscess incision and drainage with antibiotics.Conclusion: it is necessary to identify the source of infection in the treatment of oral and maxillofacial space infection, so as to guide the treatment plan, and the imaging examination such as B-ultrasound CT and Mr has guiding significance for the diagnosis and treatment of the patients with intermaxillofacial space infection. Empirical antibiotic use combined with abscess incision and drainage is still the primary treatment for infected patients. Based on the control of infection, the level of basic diseases of patients is controlled to avoid possible life-threatening complications.

Objective To investigate the effects of free forearm flap versus free anterolateral thigh flap reconstruction on life quality in elderly tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) patients with postoperative defect. Methods One hundred and twenty-nine TSCC patients who underwent complete or partial glossectomy and reconstruction with free flaps from stomatology department in our hospital were grouped according to flap type retrospectively, the number of the case of anterolateral thigh flap reconstruction group was 81 and the number of the case of forearm flap reconstruction group was 48. Oral functions were assessed using the University of Washington Quality of Life (UW-QOL), and the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaires (OHIP-14) at 6 and 12 months after reconstructive surgery. Results There was significant difference between two groups in the style of resection (P<0.05). For all oral function domains, the score improved progressively after the operation for 6 and 12 months. The UW-QOL questionnaire showed that there were no significant differences between the two flap types in total scores at 6 or 12 months (P>0.05). The OHIP-14 questionnaire showed that the total score of anterolateral thigh flap reconstruction group was significantly less than that of forearm flap reconstruction group at 6 months postoperatively (P<0.05), there was no significant difference between the two flap types in total scores at 12 months (P>0.05). Conclusion There is no significant difference in quality of life between the two flaps at 12 months postoperatively in elderly TSCC patients with postoperative defect. Free forearm flap reconstruction should be suitable for patients with part-tongue glossectomy, and free anterolateral thigh flap reconstruction should be fit for the patients with total-tongue glossectomy.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effects of curved root canal preparation using M3-PRO.MethodsInclinical trial group, 70 curved root canals of permanent teeth were prepared using the instruments of M3-PRO (MP) and Protaper(PT) respectively(n =35).Standardized paralleling periapical radiographswere used to compare the curved root canal filling effect.The root canal preparation time,interappointment pain and instrument separation were compared. In vitro study,a total of 30 simulated root canals were divided into two groups. The pre-instrumentation and post -instrumentation images were recorded by microscope. The efficacy of the shaping ability of root preparation was analyzed.ResultsClinical trial group:The successful rate of canal filling: M3-PRO was 94.2% and the Protaper was 91.4%(P＞0.05). Thecanal preparation time: M3-PRO was （4.54±0.74）min and the Protaper was （6.68±1.10）min (P＜0.01). The rate ofinterappointment pain：M3-PRO was 5.7% and the Protaper was 8.5%(P＞0.05).No instrument separation appeared. In vitro study: The efficacy of the shaping ability of root preparation of M3-PRO was better than Protaper at 3, 4, 5,6mm away from apical.ConclusionM3-PRO can meet the clinical necessity for the curved root canals．

Objective:To make a double malor distalization pendulum appliance, and apply it in the treatment of children with Angel class Ⅱ malocclusion accompanied by odontogenic crowded anterior teeth .Methods:Fifteen subjects (6 males, 9 females) with Angel classⅡmalocclusion accompanied by odontogenic crowded anterior teeth are selected and asked to wear a double thrust molar pendulum appliance for half a year.Then lateral cephalometric radiograph and models are measured and analyzed before and after the treatment. Measuring project mainly includes:distance of malordistalization, degree of molar intrusion, buccal lingual offset of molar, near far slope of molar, U1-SN value and the cover of front teeth.The measured data are processed by using t test statistical method and SPSS17.0 software statistical processing.Results:Clinical observation shows that double malor distalization pendulum appliance has great effects on the treatment of children with Angel classⅡmalocclusion accompanied by odontogenic crowded anterior teeth.Statistics shows that the difference between distance of malor distalization, degree of molar intrusion, buccal lingual offset of molar, near far slope of molar meaured before and after the treatment is statistically significant (P< 0.05), while that between U1-SN value and the cover of front teeth before and after the treatment is of no statistical significance (P>0.05); Difference between male and female before and after the treatment is also of no statistical significance (P> 0.05). This is consistent with the clinical observation.Conclusion:When this double malor distalization pendulum appliance is applied in the treatment of children with Angel classⅡmalocclusion accompanied by odontogenic crowded anterior teeth the distance ofmolar distalization changes significantly and face height is under better control. Moreover, it protects the front teeth anchorage and prevents the rotation and buccal lingual inclination of the molar. The curative effect is distinct and has nothing to do with gender.

【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the clinical result of treating buccal crossbite of posterior teeth by modified occlusion splint combine with masticatory training．Methods 20 buccal crossbite cases with linguilly inclined lower posterior teeth and buccally inclined upper posterior teeth were treated with occlusion splint and postoperative masticatory training.Clinical result was observed and changes of FH-MP,U6-PP,L6-MP on cephalometric analysis were measured before and after treatment. Results The malocclusion of all 20 cases was relieved with no change of FH-MP,U6-PP,L6-MP . Conclusions Modified occlusion splint combine with masticatory training could be a effective method to treat buccal crossbite with good control of crossbite teeth vertically.

Objective To describe the caries status in 3~5 years old children in Jiangsu Province and to provide information support for oral health care．Methods Referring to protocols of the fourth national oral health survey, we used the method of multistage, stratified, equal capacity, simple random sampling to draw a sample of 1337 in Jiangsu Province. Subjects were from three different age groups (aged 3, 4 and 5), with 441, 455 and 441 children in each group. The dental caries in deciduous teeth were recorded using CPI probe. And then the prevalence, the mean dmft, the filling rate were calculated. Results The prevalence of dental caries in deciduous teeth in the three groups of aged 3, 4, 5 were 47.39%, 60.22%, and 71.43% respectively; the mean dmft were 2.22, 2.94, and 4.05 respectively; the filling rate were 0.72%, 1.72%, and 2.63% respectively. There were significant differences in the prevalence, the mean dmft and the filling rate among different age groups and among different regions. There was no significant difference in the prevalence and mean dmft regarding the gender in each group. The prevalence in the group of aged 3 in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas (P<0.01), while no urban and rural differences were found in the groups of aged 4 and 5. The mean dmft in the group of aged 4 in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas (P<0.05), while no urban and rural differences were found in the groups of aged 3 and 5. The Sic index of the three groups of aged 3, 4, 5 were 6.01, 7.44, and 9.03 respectively. The highest prevalence occurred on the upper middle incisors and the lower molars. The prevalence rate and mean dmft of 5?year?old children were higher than that in 2005, and the filling rate improved a little. Conclusions The 3?5?year?old children of Jiangsu Province had a high prevalence of dental caries in deciduous teeth. Prevention programs focusing on high risk population were urgently needed.

Root canal treatment is an effective method for the treatment of pulpitis and apical periodontitis. However, the process of root canal treatment is complicated, time-consuming, and requires variety of instruments. While, ingestion and aspiration of foreign bodies often occur during the treatment. This case mainly discussed the accidental swallowing of the instrument during the process of the root canal treatment. During this process, CT and an array of abdominal radiographs were taken, which can reveal the location of the file and assist clinicians in taking effective measures to prevent serious complications.

　Marginal bone loss is a common phenomenon after functional loading. Whereas, these are scant literatures as well as treatment guidelines regarding “saucer-like” marginal bone loss amounted to 3 mm after 1-year loading. To make a comprehensive understanding of this situation, this article reviewed recent literatures and consensus reports, demonstrating that under the pre-described situation, patients might sit in a dangerous pathological condition close to peri-implantitis. To achieve stable long-term outcomes, an open flap debridement and regenerative treatment are required.

Peri-implant bone resorption is one of the common phenomena after crown delivery. It remains a clinical question worth discussing that whether or not open flap debridement is indicated when the “saucer-like” marginal bone loss accumulates to 3mm below the implant shoulder after 1-year functional loading. According to the Consensus Statements for prevention and management of biological implant complications，this article will focus on the recommended clinical protocol of assessment，reduction and control of risk factors，nonsurgical debridement，early reassessment, operative treatment, and clinical maintenance and support, thus demonstrating that open flap debridement may not be necessary when the “saucer-like”marginal bone loss amounts to 3mm.

Bone defect caused by trauma, tumor or other causes needs suitable substitute bones to repair. With the development of bone tissue engineering, new ideas are brought to the repair of bone defect. Scientists have been making efforts in developing and optimizing all sorts of scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering to better help repair bone defects. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) has attracted much attention because of its good biodegradability, biocompatibility and other advantages. This paper focuses on reviewing recent studies on design and modification of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid）scaffold materials in bone tissue engineering.

Good soft tissue healing around dental implants is beneficial to osseointegration and late aesthetic restoration. Platelet concentrates are rich in white blood cells, platelets and various growth factors, which can effectively promote tissue healing. Platelet rich fibrin, as the second generation autologous blood concentrating product, has the advantages of low cost and easy preparation. In this paper, the research progress of platelet rich fibrin in the healing of soft tissue around implants is reviewed.

Idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) is a progressive bone resorption disease that affects the mandibular condyle. It has been attracting widespread attention for its unknown etiology and pathology as well as aggressive progression. The main clinical manifestations include mandibular retraction, decreased ramus height, anterior open bite, premature contacts on posterior teeth and skeletal class II malocclusion. This article reviews the progress on etiology and pathology, clinical manifestations, treatment strategy and methods of ICR as well as secondary maxillofacial abnormalities in recent years.

A plaque biofilm is a bacterial biofilm that is a soft, unmineralized bacterial population that is encased in a matrix that adheres to each other, or adheres to the surfaces of teeth, interdentals or prostheses and can not be washed away by water. It is an independent micro-ecological environment with structural, morphological, and metabolic activities, and its resistance is many times that of plankton. The researchers found that low-frequency ultrasound can improve the penetration of drugs in biofilms, so as to better play a bactericidal effect. It has a good clinical application prospects. This article reviews the research progress of low-frequency ultrasound on the permeation of dental plaque.

Periodontitis is closely related to diabetes. Diabetes is one of the systemic stimulants of periodontitis, and Periodontitis can aggravate the severity of diabetes and the status of metabolic disorders. Periodontal non-surgical treatment(PNT) is of great significance in this bi-directional relationship. It can significantly improve the state of periodontal support tissue , reduce the expression of inflammatory factors in serum and gingival crevicular fluid，which was found that these in connection with a notable reduction of type II fimA of porphyromonas gingivalis and the suppression of related inflammatory genes, such as immuno-inflammatory gene in endothelial progenitor cells. Studies have shown that PNT can alleviate insulin resistance by reducing the release of insulin-antagonizing adipokines and increasing the production of insulin-sensitizing adipokines, and may also benefit glucose and lipid metabolism by improving the expression of metabolism and inflammation-related genes in fat tissue. Identifying the effect and related mechanisms of PNT on type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic periodontitis patients could provide new theoretical evidence for the prevention and therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus and complications.

Patients with constricted maxillary arches are very common in orthodontic clinics，which need dental arch expansion. Expansion with Hyrax appliance or Hass appliance, surgery assisted maxillary or mandibular expansion, arch wire and auxiliary arch wire expansion are usually used as the solution of the problem. Recently ,mini-implants assisted expansion, magnetic expansion and no-brackets invisible appliance expansion has also been reported. In this article ,the methods above will be summarized and discussed.