Objective To study the effect of saline storage solution with different concentrations on carbon accumulation of pure titanium surface. Methods The pure titanium samples were prepared through grinding and polishing step by step using SiC sandpapers. After cleaning and drying, samples were respectively stored in air, double distilled water, 0.45 % NaCl, 0.9 % NaCl and 10 % NaCl solutions for two weeks. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical contact angle instrument and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to compare and analyze surface micro-morphology, contact angle, surface energy and chemical element composition of titanium samples under different storage conditions. Results SEM observation showed that the titanium surfaces in the control group (air, double distilled water) were relatively clean, whereas sodium chloride crystals scattered on the titanium surfaces in three saline storage solution experimental groups. However, no obvious differences in the micro-morphology of titanium surfaces were observed among different groups. After titanium samples were stored with salt solutions, their surface contact angle decreased while surface energy increased, indicating that the hydrophilicity enhanced. XPS analysis demonstrated that the carbon content on titanium surfaces of the saline storage solution experimental groups decreased significantly compared with the control group, and the higher the concentration of the saline storage solution was, the less the carbon content was. Conclusion Saline storage solution can reduce carbon accumulation on the titanium surface, maintain its hydrophilicity, and have superior anti-aging effect.

ABSTRACT: Objective To investigate the effects of naringin (NRG) on the proliferation and expression of inflammatory factors of human periodontal ligament fibroblast (HPDLF) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: HPDLF was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 μg?mL-1). The protective effect of NRG on LPS induced HPDLF injury was detected by MTT assay. The effects of NRG on the expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL?1β and other inflammatory factors in LPS-induced HPDLF were detected by ELISA and Western blotting. The effects of NRG on the expression of IL-6, IL-8 and IL?1β in LPS-induced HPDLF were also detected by Real-time PCR. Results: The proliferation of HPDLF was inhibited by LPS (100 μg?mL-1). Compared with the CON group, the survival rate of cells in LPS group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Different concentrations of NRG (40, 20, 10 μg?mL-1) could significantly inhibit LPS-induced HPDLF injury and reduce the expression of inflammatory factors in cells. (P<0.05). Compared with LSP group, the survival rate of HPDLF in LPS+NRG 40 μg?mL-1 group, LPS+NRG 20 μg?mL-1 group, LPS+NRG 10 μg?mL-1 group was significantly increased, and the expression levels of inflammatory factors such as IL 6, IL-8, IL?1β were significantly decreased, with significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: NRG has protective effect on LPS-induced HPDLF injury, and can promote the proliferation of HPDLF cells by inhibiting the expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL?1β and other inflammatory factors in LPS-induced HPDLF.

Objective　 To study the expression of adiponectin receptor mRNA in the human gingival fibroblasts(HGFs) of healthy subjects and the effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha,（TNF-α）, Porphyromonas gingivalis（P.g.）lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adiponectin(APN )on the expression of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) mRNA in HGFs to investigate the correlation between the factors related to periodontitis and the expression of adiponectin receptors and. Methods　 The HGFs were cultured in vitro by tissue-adherent method, using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) to detect the expression of adiponectin receptors， and the cells were randomly divided into 4 groups, stimulated with TNF-α50ng/ml ,P.g LPS 0.1mg/ml ,APN 1μg/ml, and a blank control (10% FBS medium) respectively ,lasting for 24 hours, then using real time polymerase chain reaction （real-time PCR） to detect the expression of adiponectin receptor (AdipoR1, AdipoR2) mRNA in HGFs at different time points (0, 0.5, 12, 24h). Results　 RT-PCR showed that HGFs expressed both AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, in which AdipoR2 bands had a higher luminance than AdipoR1, and TNF-a decreased AdipoR2 mRNA expression (p<0.05) in HGFs compared with the blank control group, P.g LPS and APN significantly raised the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA (p<0.05).Conclusions　 Adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1, AdipoR2) are both expressed in human gingival fibroblasts, and primarily the AdipoR2. In the condition of periodontal inflammation, the expression of adiponectin receptor decreased, therefore the effect of adiponectin decreased, auxiliary APN receptor agonist and other local drug treatment for the control of inflammation is of great significant to prevent aggravating the disease.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of maxillary incisors in adolescents and adults with Class Ⅱ division 2 using two different methods. Methods 41 patients with Class Ⅱ division 2 were selected and divided into adolescent group(A) and adult group(B) according to age. Each group was randomly divided into two groups respectively using the miniscrew and reverse-curve archwire to protrude and intrude the maxillary incisors. Cone-beam Computed Tomograph (CBCT) was taken before and after treatment, and changes of the position of the maxillary anterior teeth and the alveolar bone were measured and analyzed. Results All 41 patients achieved normal overbite and overjet. The maxillary incisors have different degrees of inclination and intrusion(P <0.05;A1>A2,P >0.05;B1>B2,P <0.05); as was the intrusion of superior prosthion(P <0.05;A1>A2,P <0.01;B1>B2,P <0.05）. The measurements of the b3 showed an increase in bone thickness(P <0.05). The measurements of the p2 and the p3 showed a decrease in bone thickness(P <0.05). There were no significant differences between different ages. Conclusion The implant anchorage can effectively correct the retroclined maxillary incisors of Class Ⅱ division 2 and achieve the genuine intrusion. There was no significant difference in the change of maxillary incisors between adolescents and adults.

Objective：To compare the periodontal condition of 61 patients before and after orthodontic extrusion treatment．Methods：32 \ anterior teeth and 29\ premolars were selected to be extruded by orthodontic treatment,then we observed and compared their clinical parameters, including the tooth mobility, probing depth (PD) and bleeding index (BI) of the residual roots before orthodontic extrusion, 2 weeks after applying orthodontic force, before the end of orthodontic extrusion, after prosthodontic treatment and 3 months after prosthodontic treatment. The differences of clinical indicators in different periods were compared by statistic methods. Results: 1. Tooth mobility: The mean of tooth mobility increased to 1.50 after two weeks after applying orthodontic force and 1.14 before the end of orthodontic extrusion, both of which were statistically significant (P < 0.05). 2. Probing depth (PD) : The mean value of PD was 2.34 before the end of orthodontic extrusion treatment and after prosthodontic treatment , it decreased to 2.57, which had statistical significance compared with that before orthodontic extrusion treatment (P < 0.05). 3. Bleeding index (BI): The mean value of BI increased to 2.18 2 weeks after applying orthodontic force, and after 3 months of prosthodontic treatment, it decreased to 1.05, both of which were statistically significant (P < 0.05) compared with that before orthodontic extrusion treatment. Conclusion: The periodontal condition may change temporarily during orthodontic tooth root extrusion, but there is no permanent damage to the periodontal tissue after root extrusion.

Objective　 To evaluate the accuracy of linear measurements of dental implants obtained from digital periapical radiographs (DPR) by the paralleling and bisecting-angle technique, and provide references for DPR in peri-implant bone tissue assessment. Methods One hundred and sixty patients with 210 implants were divided into two groups randomly: paralleling technique group (80 patients with 98 implants) and bisecting-angle technique group (80 patients with 112 implants). DPRs were taken after implant placement immediately and the diameter and length of implants on DPRs were measured using SOPRO Imaging 2.20 software by blind method. Then the measurements were compared with the actual size of the implants. SPSS software was used to conduct t-tests to obtain the level of significance. And the accuracy of two measurement methods was evaluated. Results In the paralleling group, the mean differences between measurements and actual values were 0.14±0.10mm in diameter and 0.20±0.15mm in length, with the magnification of 1.58% in horizontal direction and 2.13% in vertical direction. In the bisecting-angle group, the mean differences were 0.37±0.22mm in diameter and 1.04±0.47mm in length, while the horizontal and vertical magnification were 3.90% and 10.65% respectively. Paralleling DPR showed a better accuracy than bisecting-angle DPR in measuring the diameter and length of implants (P<0.05）. Conclusion Paralleling DPR can obtain a more precise measurement of the diameter and length of the implants, which may be considered as a clinically reliable radiographic examination for implant treatment.

Abstract：　Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the appropriate inserting position, direction and depth of immediate implantation for mandibular first molar, by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), which provides a basis for preoperative digital design and clinical operation. Methods 100 CBCT images of patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected. Measuring the width of alveolar bone, buccal and lingual bone plate and interradicular septum in mandibular first molar position, analyzing its relationship with mandibular nerve canal and lingual bone concavity. Then performing the statistical analysis. Results From the mesial to the distal side, the width of the alveolar bone and the buccal bone plate gradually increased, and the width of the lingual bone plate gradually decreased. From the coronal to apical direction, the width of the interradicular septum gradually increased, with a maximum width of (5.00±1.42) mm. The distances from the mandibular nerve canal to the mesial apex, the distal apex, the distal-lingual apex and the interradicular septum are respectively (7.47±2.38) mm, (7.19±2.49) mm, (9.59±1.94) mm and (15.90±2.39) mm. From the mesial to the distal side, the maximum distances from the mandibular nerve canal to the buccal and lingual cortical bone surfaces are (6.46±1.23) mm and (2.53±0.84) mm. The angle of the mandibular lingual bone concavity is (149.67±8.30)° , and the depth of the concavity is (1.51±0.43) mm. Conclusions Before the immediate implantation of the mandibular first molar region, it is necessary to design the inserting path using CBCT images, keeping a safe distance from the mandibular nerve canal and the lingual bone concavity. If the safe distance between the apex and the mandibular nerve canal is adequate, the interradicular septum is a suitable position for implanting. Otherwise, the implant can be placed in a mesial-lingual side and inclined slightly lingually.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of 3D printing technology applied in the reconstruction of defected mandibular through the published literatures by Meta-analysis. Methods: The PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane library, Embase, CBM, CNKI and WanFang databases were searched from the date of database foundation to January 2019 to collect the controlled clinical trials in witch 3D printing technology was applied in mandibular reconstruction.Methodology quality of the trials was assessed critically and relative data were extracted, followed by analysis on the RevMan5.3 software. Results: Totally 10 controlled clinical trials including 268 cases were chosen.Among them,124 cases were assigned to the 3D printing technology group and 144 cases to the conventional group.The Meta-analysis results showed that the ischemic time [SMD=-39.78, 95%CI(-57.85,-21.71), P<0.01], reconstruction time[SMD=-31.90, 95%CI(-43.12,-20.68), P<0.01] and the operative time [SMD=-76.93, 95%CI(-106.93,-46.92), P<0.01] in the 3D printing technology were all lower than those in the conventional group, the accuracy of mandibular reconstruction was higher than the conventional group. Conclusion: 3D printing technology applied in the reconstruction of mandibular has the advantage of shorter ischemic time, reconstruction and operative time, and can improve the accuracy of mandibular reconstruction and improve the efficiency and quality of surgery.

[Abstract] Objective By examining oral health of mothers with or without caries, and next-generation sequencing analysis of saliva samples taken from one month to six months of their newborns at follow-up, the effects of maternal sputum on oral microbial diversity in infants were observed. Method In this study, saliva samples of one month old and six months old of the same batch of newborns were collected through screening follow-up. At the same time, check and record the mother's oral health. According to the oral condition of the mother, the newborns were divided into mothers with caries group (abbreviated positive group) and mother without caries group (abbreviated negative group), followed up to the baby for six months. The changes in microbial diversity in infants at different months of age were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing Results Ten patients were followed up in this study (six males and four females), including 7 in the positive group and 3 in the negative group. There was no significant difference in the Shannon index between the groups (P>0.05). ). The species composition of microbial communities in the positive group was significantly changed from one month to six months . The species composition of the positive group was significantly different at the age of one month and six months. The microbial communities in the two groups were similar at the age of one month, and the species composition of saliva in the two groups began to change at the age of six months.Conclusion The diversity of bacteria within the infants in the positive group was generally higher than that in the negative group. The diversity and abundance of microbial species in the oral cavity between the ages of one month and six months were increased to varying degrees in the positive group and the negative group.

Objective　To describe the periodontal health status among people in Jiangsu aged 35-74 and explore the risk factors of periodontitis, and to provide information supporting for the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases in middle-aged and elderly people. Methods　A stratified, multistage, equal-capacity, randomized sampling design was applied to obtain three groups’ samples, including 146 people aged 35-44, 153 people aged 55-64 and 148 people aged 65-74. Gingival bleeding，dental calculus，periodontal pocket，and attachment loss were checked by using CPI probe according to the Guideline for the fourth National Oral Health Survey. A questionnaire survey was conducted. Results　In the age group of 35-44, 55-64 and 65-74, the mean affected teeth and the prevalence rates of gingival bleeding were 11.3(95.2%), 11.3(95.4%), 8.2(87.2%). The mean affected teeth and the prevalence rates of dental calculus were 21.3(100%), 21.5(99.4%), 18.0(98.0%). The mean affected teeth and the prevalence rates of shallow periodontal pocket were 1.6(38.4%), 3.0(64.1%), 2.3(53.4%). The mean affected teeth and the prevalence rates of deep periodontal pocket were 0.1(2.1%), 0.3(13.1%),0.2(10.1%). The mean affected teeth and the prevalence rates of attachment loss were 1.2(32.2%), 6.0(76.5%), 6.4(87.2%), and the prevalence rates of periodontal health were 2.1%, 0.7% and 4.1%. The univariate analysis showed that the periodontitis was associated with age, gender, education background and smoking (P<0.05). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the risk factor of periodontitis was age (P<0.05). Conclusion　Periodontal health and oral hygiene of middle-aged and elderly people in Jiangsu are poor. Age, gender, education background and smoking may be the related factors affecting periodontal health. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the oral prevention and health care of the middle-aged and elderly people, and try to improve the oral health.

Objective To understand the oral health status of middle school students in Jiangsu Province by investigating clinical periodontal indexes such as gingival bleeding and dental calculus number among middle school students, and to provide a reliable theoretical evidence for formulating oral health care for middle school students in Jiangsu Province. Methods A total of 3914 middle school students aged 12-15 years old were selected by the method of multistage, stratification, equal capacity and simple random. The gingival bleeding, dental calculus, periodontal pocket depth and the attachment loss of the 15-year-old students were examined. Then the mean was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis H Test, and the rates were analyzed by Chi-squared Test. Results The prevalence rate of gingival bleeding among middle school students aged 12-15 in Jiangsu Province was 89.68%. There was no significant difference in gender, but the prevalence rate of gingival bleeding in rural areas was significantly lower than that in urban areas (P < 0.001). The prevalence rate of dental calculus was 84.59% and the prevalence rate of dental calculus in males was significantly higher than that in females (P < 0.05), and that in rural areas was significantly lower than that in urban areas. The prevalence rates of gingival bleeding at 12, 13, 14 and 15 years old were 89.16%, 89.05%, 89.06% and 91.46% respectively, without significant statistical difference. The prevalence rates of dental calculus were 79.75%, 83.16%, 85.48% and 90.02% respectively. There were statistical differences between 12 and 14 years old, 12 and 15 years old, 13 and 15 years old, 14 and 15 years old (P < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rates of gingival bleeding and calculus of middle school students aged 12-15 in Jiangsu Province is high, but the control of gingival inflammation is poor, which is significantly lower than the national average. Therefore, it is necessary for middle school students to strengthen oral health education.

Objective To understand the dental caries status of preschool children aged 3-5 years in Shihezi City, provide the basis for preventing dental decay in children.Methods Using PPS sampling survey method, extraction of 3 kindergartens 3∽5 years old age group, 18 people in each age group of men and women, basic information and tooth crown oral cavity and other professional project survey, the results were statistically analyzed.Results Sampling kindergarten children always suffer from caries rate was 63.47%, three kindergarten children caries rate, the difference of caries were no statistical significance (P>0.05);Three age groups have significant difference of caries rate(P<0.05), with higher caries rate increased with the increase of age, caries were no significant difference (P>0.05);Boys and girls there was no significant difference of caries rate and average (P>0.05).Conclusion Shihezi sampling caries status of children education environment influence is not big, the total risk of caries rate is high, low and serious risk of caries age, should intensify basic oral health knowledge propaganda, improve parents concerned about the early baby teeth, promote the use of fluoride toothpaste, permission in the government, and promote oral fluoride foam caries prevention services, and the suitable water fluoride concentration in shihezi city.concerned about the early baby teeth, promote the use of fluoride toothpaste, permission in the government, and promote oral fluoride foam caries prevention services, and the suitable water fluoride concentration in shihezi city.

As dental implant is used widely during oral medicine. Infection around oral implants has been a hidden danger threatening longterm results. Plaque and biological membrane on the surface of dental implants are closely related to the infection. An effective way is to make surface treatment to prevent microorganism from gathering and adhesion. This passage will make a review about different kinds of surface treatment against bacteria and their research progress.

Zirconia ceramics have excellent physical properties, aesthetic properties and good biocompatibility so they are increasingly used in stomatology clinically. However,due to the physical properties of zirconia ceramics and the limited surface treatment methods, the bonding quality of zirconia restorations to dental tissues is not ideal. In addition, in the clinical try in procedure，the surface of the restoration is inevitably contaminated by saliva, and saliva contamination has a negative effect to the bonding strength between zirconia restorations and dental tissues. This paper reviews the surface conditioning methods for cleaning saliva contamination of zirconia restorations.

Bisphosphonates （BPs）effectively inhibit bone resorption, not only affect bone metabolism, but also have a certain effect on tooth movement in orthodontic treatment. Recent new studies have shown that BPs interfere with bone resorption of osteoclasts through different mechanisms, restrict the movement of anchorage teeth, reduce root resorption, and maintain the effect of rapid palatal expansion. Therefore, BPs can accelerate the press of bone reconstruction in craniofacial stretching, and prevent the infection induced by bone nail and the tooth loosening. This article summarizes new progress and prospect of BPs regarding to the mechanism and applicationt in orthodontic treatment.

Stem cells have been a hotspot of medical research at home and abroad, especially in the field of regenerative medicine. As one of the most widely used stem cells, mesenchymal stem cell derived extracellular matrix（MSC-ECM） has been successfully isolated and proved to be effective in cell proliferation, development and orientated differentiation and so on through recent research. Furthermore, because of its rich resources, preventing pathogen transmission and reducing autoimmunity, MSC-ECM is considered to be an ideal biological material for tissue engineering. This comprehensive review mainly focused on concept, ingredient, the acquisition methods, research progress and application prospect of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular matrix.

The posterior maxilla region is always regarded as the complicated area for dental implant because of insufficient bone volume. The frequently used method for solving this problem is maxillary sinus floor augmentation, which includes transalveolar osteotome technique and lateral window technique. Transcrestal sinus floor augmentation is widely applied because of simple operation, reduced trauma, short healing time and less postoperative discomfort. It is often accompanied by utilizing bone grafting material simultaneously in the early stage. However, transalveolar osteotome technique without bone grafting material has been recommended in recent years on account of the risk of infection, low absorption rate of bone substitutes, and the maxillary sinus re-pneumatization. Many studies have been done on transcrestal sinus floor augmentation with or without grafting material in recent years. This paper reviews the progress on the research of transcrestal sinus elevation with or without grafting material.

　Periodontal disease is related to a variety of systemic diseases. Thereinto, the research of relationship between diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease is a hot topic in recent years. The type and content of gingival crevicular fluid may be affected by diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Analysis of changes in the components of gingival crevicular fluid can indicate the progression of these conditions. It can also be used to learn how these diseases affect the progression of periodontal disease. The correlation of gingival crevicular fluid composition of periodontal patients and diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease will be reviewed.

With the application of CBCT, the development of CAD/CAM and 3D printing technology, the application of digital implanted guides is increasing. It can control the precise implantation of implants and reduce the complications of surgery. According to the mode of navigation in surgery, it can be divided into partially guide template and fully guide template. This paper summarizes the comparative analysis of the accuracy, complications, cost-effectiveness of the two guides.