水凝胶在牙周炎性骨缺损修复中的应用及探讨

doi:10.13591/j.cnki.kqyx.2026.05.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

重度牙周炎会导致牙周组织缺损、牙槽骨吸收、牙髓坏死、牙齿松动，亟须寻找合适的牙周骨修复材料用于治疗。目前用于修复骨缺损的常见方法如自体骨移植、异体骨移植、血小板制品、引导组织再生术（GTR）策略等均存在很多问题，而水凝胶凭借其独特的优势脱颖而出，近几年研究尤为火热。本文总结了水凝胶的优缺点，列举了目前常见的传统水凝胶和新型水凝胶的性质和研究进展，旨在为水凝胶在牙周炎性骨缺损修复治疗领域的应用提供新思路。

关键词: 水凝胶, 牙周炎, 骨修复, 引导骨再生, 抗菌

Abstract:

Severe periodontitis leads to periodontal tissue defects，alveolar bone resorption，pulp necrosis，and tooth loosening，so there is an urgent need to find suitable periodontal bone repair materials for treatment. Currently，common methods used to repair bone defects，such as autologous bone and allogeneic bone transplantation，platelet products，and （guided tissue regeneration，GTR） strategies，have many flaws. Hydrogels，with their unique advantages，have stood out and have been a hot topic in research in recent years. This article summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogels，lists the properties and research progress of several traditional hydrogels and novel hydrogels at present，aiming to provide new ideas for the application of hydrogels in the field of repair and treatment of periodontitis-induced bone defects.

Key words: hydrogels, periodontitis, bone repair, guided bone regeneration, antibacterial

中图分类号:

R780.2

龙玉淋, 李清存, 殷国强, 包耀光, 葛黎明, 穆畅道, 徐志朗, 李德富. 水凝胶在牙周炎性骨缺损修复中的应用及探讨[J]. 口腔医学, 2026, 46(5): 395-400.

LONG Yulin, LI Qingcun, YIN Guoqiang, BAO Yaoguang, GE Liming, MU Changdao, XU Zhilang, LI Defu. Application and exploration of hydrogels in the repair of periodontitis-induced bone defects[J]. Stomatology, 2026, 46(5): 395-400.

图/表 2

参考文献 48

[1]	伍志鑫, 蒋雯雯, 詹健辉, 等. 水凝胶: 口腔颌面部组织缺损修复中的作用与问题[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2025, 29(10): 2178-2188.
[2]	Zhang GN, Zhang M, Feng QC, et al. Supramolecular composite hydrogel loaded with CaF₂ nanoparticles promotes the recovery of periodontitis bone resorption[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2024, 16(35): 45929-45947.
[3]	Stavropoulos A, Sculean A. Current status of regenerative periodontal treatment[J]. Curr Oral Health Rep, 2017, 4(1): 34-43.
[4]	Fraser D, Caton J, Benoit DSW. Periodontal wound healing and regeneration: Insights for engineering new therapeutic approaches[J]. Front Dent Med, 2022, 3: 815810.
[5]	李慧, 吉秋霞. 壳聚糖/BMP-2质粒温敏水凝胶复合体促犬牙槽骨再生的研究[J]. 新医学, 2023, 54(12): 872-878.
[6]	Zhu Y, Ali AM, Mulinari Dos Santos G, et al. A chitosan-based hydrogel to modulate immune cells and promote periodontitis healing in the high-fat diet-induced periodontitis rat model[J]. Acta Biomater, 2025, 200: 452-463.
[7]	肖圣汇, 李响, 舒心, 等. 透明质酸修饰的海藻酸钙复合水凝胶及其载药抗菌性能[J]. 济宁医学院学报, 2023, 46(4): 229-233.
[8]	França CG, Leme KC, Luzo ÂCM, et al. Oxidized hyaluronic acid/adipic acid dihydrazide hydrogel as cell microcarriers for tissue regeneration applications[J]. e-Polymers, 2022, 22(1): 949-958.
[9]	Yu YQ, Li XJ, Ying Q, et al. Synergistic effects of shed-derived exosomes, Cu²⁺, and an injectable hyaluronic acid hydrogel on antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenic activity for periodontal bone regeneration[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2024, 16(26): 33053-33069.
[10]	Ortiz JA, Sepúlveda FA, Panadero-Medianero C, et al. Cytocompatible drug delivery hydrogels based on carboxymethylagarose/chitosan pH-responsive polyelectrolyte complexes[J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2022, 199: 96-107.
[11]	Liu ZX, Li M, Cheng R, et al. 3D printed GelMA/CHIMA cross-linked network hydrogel for angiogenesis[J]. Biotechnol Bioeng, 2025, 122(3): 642-653.
[12]	沙康, 李佳宸, 祁小乐. 原位凝胶在牙周炎治疗中的应用及其研究进展[J]. 中国药科大学学报, 2022, 53(3): 365-375.
[13]	Wang H, Yang L, Yang YN. A review of sodium alginate-based hydrogels: Structure, mechanisms, applications, and perspectives[J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2025, 292: 139151.
[14]	Ling XH, Zhang MK, Zhou HY, et al. Preparation of a novel alginate hydrogel microspheres covered by hollow silica for controlled-release application[J]. Eur Polym J, 2024, 204: 112716.
[15]	胥美虹, 焦恩祥, 孙子茹, 等. 胶原基多糖复合水凝胶的制备及在生物医用领域中的研究进展[J]. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2024, 41(6): 1286-1292.
[16]	Kang D, Wang WH, Li YM, et al. Biological macromolecule hydrogel based on recombinant type Ⅰ collagen/chitosan scaffold to accelerate full-thickness healing of skin wounds[J]. Polymers, 2023, 15(19): 3919.
[17]	Jiang QS, Zhou LM, Yang Y, et al. Injectable NGF-loaded double crosslinked collagen/hyaluronic acid hydrogels for irregular bone defect repair via neuro-guided osteogenic process[J]. Chem Eng J, 2024, 497: 154627.
[18]	Ren CL, Chen WQ, Liao Y, et al. Reinforcing gelatin hydrogels via in situ phase separation and enhanced interphase bonding for advanced 3D fabrication[J]. Adv Mater, 2025, 37(6): e2416432.
[19]	Veetil VT, Jayakrishnan V, Aravindan V, et al. Biogenic silver nanoparticles incorporated hydrogel beads for anticancer and antibacterial activities[J]. Sci Rep, 2024, 14(1): 27269.
[20]	Dong ZQ, Yuan QJ, Huang KQ, et al. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based biomaterials for bone regeneration[J]. RSC Adv, 2019, 9(31): 17737-17744.
[21]	Mohammad Mehdipour N, Kumar H, Kim K, et al. Manipulating mechanical properties of PEG-based hydrogel nanocomposite: A potential versatile bio-adhesive for the suture-less repair of tissue[J]. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2024, 150: 106285.
[22]	赵洁晨, 任乐, 魏玉, 等. 一种固有抗菌的黏附性可注射水凝胶用于牙周炎骨缺损治疗的初步研究[J]. 口腔医学, 2023, 43(11): 989-995.
[23]	Ramírez-Alba MD, Molins-Martínez M, García-Torres J, et al. pH and electrically responsive hydrogels with adhesive property[J]. React Funct Polym, 2024, 196: 105841.
[24]	Li QY, Quan XY, Hu R, et al. A universal strategy for constructing hydrogel assemblies enabled by PAA hydrogel adhesive[J]. Small, 2024, 20(43): e2403844.
[25]	彭锐, 张晶晶, 杜春贵, 等. 温敏性抗菌水凝胶的制备与控释技术研究进展[J]. 化学通报, 2020, 83(1): 10-16.
[26]	Elango J, Zamora-Ledezma C, Alexis F, et al. Protein adsorption, calcium-binding ability, and biocompatibility of silver nanoparticle-loaded polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells[J]. Pharmaceutics, 2023, 15(7): 1843.
[27]	Yu XG, Huang JX, Wu CW, et al. Biocompatible autonomous self-healing PVA-CS/TA hydrogels based on hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction[J]. Sci Rep, 2025, 15(1): 1893.
[28]	吴银秋, 傅涛, 高洪鑫, 等. PAM/CS/GO水凝胶的制备及其吸湿行为[J]. 功能高分子学报, 2021, 34(4): 394-400.
[29]	白兰涵, 张雪梅, 邹智挥, 等. P(AM-AA)/PVA/PAMPS双网络水凝胶的制备与性能研究[J]. 材料科学, 2019, 9(5): 537-548.
[30]	景占鑫, 周家美, 肖玮玉, 等. 高弹性可降解PAM/Gel/PVAL三网络水凝胶的制备及性能[J]. 工程塑料应用, 2019, 47(7): 7-13, 33.
[31]	Essa D, Kondiah PPD, Choonara YE, et al. The design of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanocarriers for medical applications[J]. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2020, 8: 48.
[32]	Zhao DY, Zhu TT, Li J, et al. Poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid)-based composite bone-substitute materials[J]. Bioact Mater, 2020, 6(2): 346-360.
[33]	Wan B, Bao QY, Burgess DJ. In vitro -in vivo correlation of PLGA microspheres: Effect of polymer source variation and temperature[J]. J Control Release, 2022, 347: 347-355.
[34]	Wang ZL, Chen L, Wang Y, et al. Improved cell adhesion and osteogenesis of op-HA/PLGA composite by poly(dopamine)-assisted immobilization of collagen mimetic peptide and osteogenic growth peptide[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2016, 8(40): 26559-26569.
[35]	Ghandforoushan P, Hanaee J, Aghazadeh Z, et al. Novel nanocomposite scaffold based on gelatin/PLGA-PEG-PLGA hydrogels embedded with TGF-β1 for chondrogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro[J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2022, 201: 270-287.
[36]	Yang ZH, Yin J, Xin L, et al. Research advancement of DNA-based intelligent hydrogels: Manufacture, characteristics, application of disease diagnosis and treatment[J]. Chin Chem Lett, 2024, 35(10): 109558.
[37]	Peng G, Li W, Peng LR, et al. Multifunctional DNA-based hydrogel promotes diabetic alveolar bone defect reconstruction[J]. Small, 2024, 20(10): e2305594.
[38]	Liu X, Zhang JJ, Fadeev M, et al. Chemical and photochemical DNA “gears” reversibly control stiffness, shape-memory, self-healing and controlled release properties of polyacrylamide hydrogels[J]. Chem Sci, 2019, 10(4): 1008-1016.
[39]	Li S, Wang ZG, Lin XX, et al. Exo I signal amplification of a DNA hydrogel film combined with capillary self-driven action for EpCAM detection[J]. Analyst, 2023, 148(19): 4730-4737.
[40]	李红, 史晓丹, 李洁龄. 肽自组装水凝胶的制备及在生物医学中的应用[J]. 化学进展, 2022, 34(3): 568-579.
[41]	Takeuchi T, Bizenjima T, Ishii Y, et al. Enhanced healing of surgical periodontal defects in rats following application of a self-assembling peptide nanofibre hydrogel[J]. J Clin Periodontol, 2016, 43(3): 279-288.
[42]	Wang RY, Wang YH, Yang H, et al. Research progress of self-assembling peptide hydrogels in repairing cartilage defects[J]. Front Mater, 2022, 9: 1022386.
[43]	Cai Y, Zheng C, Xiong FQ, et al. Recent progress in the design and application of supramolecular peptide hydrogels in cancer therapy[J]. Adv Healthc Mater, 2021, 10(1): e2001239.
[44]	Kim YE, Choi SW, Kim MK, et al. Therapeutic hydrogel patch to treat atopic dermatitis by regulating oxidative stress[J]. Nano Lett, 2022, 22(5): 2038-2047.
[45]	Li Y, Fu RZ, Duan ZG, et al. Construction of multifunctional hydrogel based on the tannic acid-metal coating decorated MoS₂ dual nanozyme for bacteria-infected wound healing[J]. Bioact Mater, 2021, 9: 461-474.
[46]	杜鹃, 周雪, 吴玉, 等. 石墨烯基导电水凝胶的制备及其在组织工程中的应用进展[J]. 化工新型材料, 2025, 53(11): 69-73.
[47]	Xu YR, Yan JY, Cui CY, et al. Nanozymes empower periodontitis treatment: New strategies and clinical application prospects[J]. Biomater Res, 2025, 29: 0210.
[48]	Geng BJ, Li P, Fang FL, et al. Antibacterial and osteogenic carbon quantum dots for regeneration of bone defects infected with multidrug-resistant bacteria[J]. Carbon, 2021, 184: 375-385.