Abstract： Objective To preliminarily evaluate the biological safety of nanoreinforced （NF） alumina ceramic. Methods According to ISO 7405/GB 16886 standards， vitro cytotoxicitytest （agar diffusion test）， acute haemolysistest， oral mucus membrane stimulation test and acute systemic toxicity test were carried out to evaluate the biological safety of NF alumina ceramic. Results NF alumina ceramic had no cytotoxicity effect in vitro agar diffusion test. The result of acute haemolysis test was 0.275%， far lower than 5%， which indicated the negative results of heamolysis test. The grade of oral mucous membrane stimulation test in mesocricetus auratus was only 0， which was considered no irritation to mucous membrane according to medical standard. In acute systematic toxicity tests， all of the tested mice survived. By HE staining， no abnormality was observed in kidney and liver tissues. Conclusion NF alumina ceramic is preliminarily proved safe for dental application.

Abstract: Objective To explore the expression of HIF-2α and its downstream catabolic factors （MMP3， MMP13， ADAMTs-4） in the mandibular condyle chondrocytes （MCC） under different stress loadings. Methods The third generation of MCC were cultured in 5% hypoxia. The uniaxial pressure of 0，1000，2000，4000 units strain （ust） were exerted on the MCC for 2 h. Then the specimens were collected and dyed by trypan blue staining. The morphology and number of cells were observed under a light microscope， and the cell mortality was calculated. Westernblot and RTPCR were performed to detect the changes of expression of HIF-2α and its downstream catabolic factors （MMP3， MMP13， ADAMTs-4）. Results With the increase of pressure， the cell mortality increased （P＜0.05）. The expression of HIF-2α and its downstream catabolic factors （MMP3， MMP13， ADAMTs-4） increased with the increase of pressure （P＜0.05）. Conclusion The activation of HIF-2α and its downstream catabolic factors by overload pressure may be responsible for the damage of condyle chondrocytes.

Objective By comparing the protein composition in the serum of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and that in the serum of healthy people, so as to obtain the protein changes in the serum of the patients. Methods Peripheral serum samples of 20 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and 20 healthy people were collected. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients, mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis were employed to screen the differentially expressed proteins in serums of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Results Seven protein spots were significantly differentially expressed in serums of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma compared with healthy people, and one of them was Chain B, T-To-T(High) Quaternary Transitions In Human Hemoglobin, which was lowly expressed in the serums of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusion Expression of Chain B, T-To-T(High) Quaternary Transitions In Human Hemoglobin: Deshis146beta Deoxy Low-Sal in peripheral serum may play an important role of modulation in the occurrence and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma．

Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of 1064nm Nd:YAG laser irradiation on migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 cells. Methods Squamous carcinoma CAL-27 cells were cultured in vitro, and cells in logarithmic growth phase were inoculated in 24-well plates and irradiated with 1064nm Nd:YAG continuous wave laser for different time intervals (0, 120, 240, 360, 480 s) with different corresponding doses (0, 44.4, 88.8, 133.2, 177.6 J/cm2). After the specimens were scratched, the healing change of those scratches were observed under inverted microscope at 0, 12, 24, 48 h. Results After a low dose of laser irradiation, the wound healing degree were improved, while after a high dose of laser irradiation, the degree of wound healing were reduced. Conclusions The squamous carcinoma CAL-27 cell migration can be stimulated by 1064nm Nd:YAG laser at a low intensity, while it can be inhibited by high intensity laser.

Objective　To investigate the histocompatibility of Zr-Cu-Al-Ag amorphous alloy for dental restoration. Methods　According to the YY/T0279-1995, YY/T0127.8-2001, the sample were prepared and tested with the oral mucous membrane irritation test and subcutaneous implant test. Results　The result of oral mucous membrane irritation test showed that all samples did not have local or systemic adverse reactions and the histopathological findings were also normal, and the stimulus index in histologic evaluation is 0; the subcutaneous implant test displayed that the Zr-Cu-Al-Ag alloy had no apparent toxicity. One week after specimens were implanted , local tissue was found to be slightly red and swollen, and the biopsies showed a few inflammatory cells; 4-12 weeks later, it showed the inflammatory response gradually reduced as time prolonged, and the formation process of fiber coated from loose to tight. Conclusions　These data indicated that there is a good histocompatibility between Zr-Cu-AL-Ag alloy material and oral mucosa, skin and subcutaneous tissue.

Objective: To investigate the influence of different silane coupling agents and different adhesive materials to the shear bond strength of metal brackets bonded to porcelain surface. Methods: 90 porcelain specimens were deglazed by 1000 grit water sandpaper and etched with 9.6%HF acid for 120s, rinsed with distilled water and dried before applying the silane primer. All specimens were divided randomly into 3 groups according to different silane coupling agents application, Each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups depending on different adhesive material, every subgroup had 10 porcelain facets. 90 metal brackets were bonded to ceramic specimens with 3 adhesive material. All specimens were stored in artificial saliva bath at 37℃ for 24 hours. after brackets bonded for 60min, then the specimens were underwent shear testing with Instron universal testing machine. Results: The shear bond strength of the groups treated with silane primer were higher than that without silane primer (p<0.05). There was not any statistically significant in the shear bond strength between the group of one-mix silane coupling agent and the group of two-mix silane coupling agent (p>0.05). The shear bond strength of the group with light-cured composite resin was higher than the others (p<0.05). The groups treated without silane coupling agent showed lower porcelain fracture than the groups treated with silane coupling agent. Conclusions: Silane coupling agent can improve the shear bond strength between metal brackets and porcelain surface. The group of light-cured composite resin treated with two-mix silane coupling agent can get the highest shear bond strength.

Objective Study the expression of β-defensin 4 in original human gingival epithelial cells after BLPS stimulating. Methods In vitro original culture human gingival epithelial cells, HGECs were identified by immunocytochemistry. Subjected to the concentration of BLPS are 10、20、40、80、160ug/ml in HGECs. Test the expression of BD-4 in HGECs by immunocytochemistry and western blotting. Results HGECs grew well. The third generation cells were identified Ck (AE1/AE3) (+)/Vimentin (-). The positive staining granular brown was distributed in cytoplasm, increasing of BLPS concentration expression is more intense by immunocytochemistry. The expression of BD-4 increased with the higher concentration of BLPS by western blotting. The top value of BD-4 protein present in the concentration of BLPS 160ug/ml. There are significant different among the HGECs groups of BLPS stimulated (p< 0.01). Conclusion With the inflammation stimulated increase in human gingival epithelial cells, the expression of BD-4 increased. Prompt the function of BD-4 progress in periodontal disease.

Objective　 To investigate the subjective esthetic evaluation of lip positions by Orthodontic patients, and determine whether the patient’ s age and sex were influential factors in the esthetic assessment for providing reference for clinical orthodontic practice. Methods　 Both two frontally posed smile photographs of a man and a woman were changed by adjusting the position of upper lip with Photoshop 7.0.. A series of 11 pictures was developed for males and females, respectively. And an electronic questionnaire was designed and administered to investigation. 300 subjects included in the study were all orthodontic patients from Shandong University Stomatology Hospital. All the subjects were asked to evaluate each image according to their own aesthetic standards and choose the top 3 most-favored pictures for each sex. Results were statistically analyzed. Results　 In the comparison of age groups, there was statistically significant difference (P＜0.05). The young and middle-aged group (31- to 40-year old) and the middle-aged group (41- to 59-year old)preferred lower upper lip position than young-aged group (18- to 30-year old). There was no significant difference between male and female patients in selecting the top 3 most-favored frontally posed smile (P＞0.05). Conclusions　The esthetic evaluation of lip positions of orthodontic patients are influenced by age. Orthodontists should pay attention to patient's aesthetic expectations during orthodontic treatment.

Objective: To study the effect of faced-ceramic onlay on tooth wedge-shaped defect repair in order to provide basic methods for clinical research. Chose the 32 patients repaired the tooth. And 36 teeth as the research object were repaired with ceramic onlay with semimetamic. After 6 and 12 months, to observe the patients’ tooth color, repair degree and so on. The repairing rate was up to 100% after 12 months. 9 evaluation indexs are good. Conclusion: ceramic onlay with semimetamic is effective to repair the wedge shaped defect of the teeth.

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical effect of light-cured flowable resin and traditional light-cured pit and fissure sealant in preventing pit and fissure caries.Methods150 children aged from 7 to 10 years with healthy permanent mandibular first molars were enrolled in this study. One side of permanent mandibular first molar was selected randomly as experimental group, which was sealed with light-cured flowable resin. The other side, as control group, was treated with traditional light-cured pit and fissure sealant. Patients were followed up 6, 12 and 24 months later. The rate of resin loss and incidence of dental caries between two groups were compared by Chi—square test. Results After two years, the rate of sealant loss and the incidence of caries of experimental group (7.8%; 2.13%) were significantly lower than those of the control group(21.43%; 7.09%) (P<0.05).Conclusion Light-cured flowable resin is an effectively anticarious and reliable pit and fissure sealant.

Abstract: Objective To analyze the similarities and differences of the expression of interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-35 between the group of peri-implantitis and peri-implant healthy patients, and to explore the mutual relationship and effect of IL-17A and IL-35 on the development and progress in peri-implantitis. Methods Peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) was collected from 20 subjects with healthy implants, and 20 with implantitis. The latter was made as comparison group after the implantitis was treated. The concentrations of IL-17A and IL-35 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Bleeding on probing (BOP), modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI) and gingival index (GI) from the healthy implant group, the peri-implantitis group and the treated group were recorded and analyzed statistically. Results The concentrations of IL-17A and IL-35 in the peri-implantitis group were significantly higher than those in the healthy implant group (P<0.05). IL-17A was slightly lower after treatment (P<0.05), and IL-35 was slightly higher after treatment (P<0.05). The concentrations of IL-17A and IL-35 were negatively correlated in the eri-implantitis group. Conclusion The expressions of IL-35 and IL-17A are are closely related with the occurrence and development of peri-implantitis. IL-17A and IL-35 are potential molecular biological markers that may help assist diagnosis and treatment of implantitis.

ObjectiveTo study the clinical multifocal Warthin tumor. Methods The clinical and pathological data of 117 Warthin tumor cases in our hospital from July, 2004 to February, 2014were analyzed retrospectively.The cases were divided into “single” group and “multiple” group (unilateral and / or bilateral multifocal) and differences between two groups in gender, age, smoking index, etc., were statistically analyzed. ResultsIn all the 117 cases with Warthin tumor, there were 94 cases in the “single” group, and 23 cases in the “multiple” group; No significant difference was found between the two groups in gender and age (P > 0.05); Smoking rate of the “multiple” group was 95% (22/23), and heavy smoking (smoking index ≥ 400) rate was 73% (17/23), while smoking rate of the“single” group was 75%, and heavy smoking rate was 40%. Statistical analysis showed that the rates of smoking and heavy smoking were significantly higher in the“multiple” group than those inthe “single”group (P< 0.01). ConclusionThe risk of multiple Warthin tumor was closely correlated with smoking and the degree of smoking.

Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and chronic periodontitis (CP) by observing the role of IL-18 in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with CP and RA. Methods 83 subjects were selected and divided into four groups: 16 healthy participants as the control group, 20 patients with CP, 21 patients with RA, and 26 patients with CP and RA. The serum and GCF levels of IL-18 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and clinical periodontal parameters including bleeding index (BI), probing depth(PD), and clinical attachment loss(CAL) were examined. Results The IL-18 levels in GCF of patients with CP and RA [(221.83±43.38) pg/ml] were significantly higher than those in the CP group [(198.00±37.72) pg/ml], RA group [(138.10±23.16) pg/ml] and the control group [(135.12±27.11) pg/ml] (P<0.05). Serum levels of IL-18 in the CP and RA group [(321.02±260.57) pg/ml], CP group [(220.60±228.37) pg/ml], RA group [(186.29±253.03) pg/ml] and HP group [(169.56±143.82) pg/ml] showed a decreasing trend. Only in CP and RA group, the serum levels of IL-18 were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion IL-18 can be one of the biological foundations that correlates chronic periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis.

【Abstract】Objective To collect the cephalometrical films of Chengdu’s healthy young adults and measure their Monson’s spherical radius. Methods Sixty healthy young adults （30 males and 30 females，aged 18 to 28 years）were collected and filmed. INFINITT software were applied to fixing the points, tracing and measurement of the cephalometrical films. Using the SPSS17.0 software package for statistical analysis. Results The Monson’s spherical radius to an average of 86.28 mm, less than the theoretical value of 101.60 mm with significant difference (P < 0.01); There was no significant difference between male and female sphere radius. Futhermore there is a correlation between the Spherical radius and SN distance ,correlation coefficient r = 0.694. Conclusions The Monson’s spherical radius of the Chengdu’s healthy young adults and the theoretical value have significant differences, the surveys of different regions also have significant difference, it is necessary to set up databases for chengdu area, as the occlusal recording parameters for the dental hospitals and clinics and a reference of orthodontic treatment.

Objective　 To analyze the clinical characteristics, surgical treatment, pathology and prognosis of maxillofacial malignancy secondary to Xeroderma Pigmentosum in MNAZI?MMOJA hospital of Zanzibar . Methods This was a retrospective case study. 8 maxillofacial malignancy patients secondary to Xeroderma Pigmentosum visiting Zanzibar MNAZI?MMOJA hospital between 2012 and 2014 were reviewed. The data of the 8 patients including the surgical treatment, pathology and prognosis were analyzed in the study. Result The result of pathological and immunohistochemical examination suggested that 4 cases had squamous cell carcinoma, 3 cases had basal cell carcinoma, and 1 case had malignant melanoma. All these 8 patients were followed-up for 6-24months. 1 tongue cancer patient died nine months later after operation; 1 patient giving up treatment died half a year later; there was no recurrence for other 6 patients. Conclusion Maxillofacial tumors secondary to Xeroderma Pigmentosum are usuallymalignant, and tend to recur. The most common two are Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Although the characteristics of this disease include a rapidly progressive clinical course in the maxillofacial region and a poor prognosis,timely surgical treatment can significantly improve the prognosis. The range of the surgical treatment should be large enough, and skin grafting or neighbor flap can be performed after massive resection of the tumor.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of restorations of maxillary defects by microvascular free flaps and individual titanium meshes based on 3D printed maxilla models. Methods Retrospective analysis of 18 cases with maxillary defects from 2011 to 2013 was made. For all the cases, 3D models internally fixed with titanium meshes fabricated according to preoperative CT data were implanted to support their faces, and microvascular free flaps were used to close their oral and nasal cavities. Results 4 cases used rectus abdominis muscle flaps, 6 cases forearm flaps, 3cases lateral arm flaps, and 5 cases anterolateral thigh flaps. All flaps were alive. Moreover, faces of all cases were symmetric, closure of oral and nasal cavities as well as maxillary sinus was complete so that all cases were able to eat through oral cavities, and their postoperative vocalization was clear. Only 2 cases with soft palate defects occasionally suffered from mild nasal regurgitation when having liquid diets. Conclusion Individualized 3D models and titanium meshes combined with microvascular free flaps used in restoring maxillary defects can obtain satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcomes for patients. However, the effects of closing oral and nasal cavities by free tissue flaps on the restoration of false teeth needs to be further explored.

Objective To compare the panoramic radiography with cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT) in diagnostic accuracy of mophological changes of the condyle in adult patients with AngleⅡ2 . Methods 60 cases of AngleⅡ2 divided into two groups:A asymptomatic and B symptomatic cases.60 cases were taken by panoramic radiography and CBCT respectively,and significance was made by statistical analysis.Results For the consistency of the diagnosis,CBCT was better than that of panoramic radiography. Take CBCT test as the gold standard, the diagnostic accuracy of panoramic radiography was 66.7% in group A and 85.7% in group B. Conclusions panoramic radiography can be applied in the diagnosis of mophological changes of the condyle in adult patients with AngleⅡ2,but the sensitivity was lower than CBCT.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of locator attachment and ball-cap attachment on implant-supported overdentures. Methods 27 cases of mandibular edentulous were collected for 54 implants, which included 26 ball attachments and 28 locator attachments. All of the patients were followed up for further evaluation after 6 months’ functional loading and continued yearly. Both the incidence rate of prosthetic complications (including overdentures, implant failures, attachment fractures) and the score of patient satisfaction will be recorded for statistical analysis during our reexamination. Results The satisfaction of patients with an overdenture supported by attachments has significantly improved(P<0.05), compared to the complete denture. There was no significant difference in the bone loss between patients with different attachments (P>0.05), but the complication rate in the group treated with locator attachment was 14.28%, while in the ball attachment group it reached 38.46%. Conclusion Overdenture supported by locator attachment or ball attachment is more satisfying than the previous complete denture. Furthermore, with regard to the rate of prosthodontic complications, the clinical results of locator attachment was superior to the ball attachment.

Objective　To determine the prevalence, location and height of maxillary sinus septa in the patients without upper posterior teeth at one or two sides. Methods: The patients who underwent CBCT scan and without upper posterior teeth at one or two sides in Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital between January of 2011 and December of 2013 were selected and the prevalence, location and height of the maxillary sinus septa were analyzed. Results: There were a total of 253 patients (male 132,female 121) with 289 sinus, and the prevalence of maxillary sinus segments with septa was 26.09%. The location of septa observed in all study groups demonstrated a greater prevalence (81.82%) in the molar region than in the pre-molar regions. The mean height of septa was 3.87±1.10mm, and no statistically significant differences were observed with regard to gender or age. The distribution of septa in buccal-palate(89.39%) was far more than that in mesial-distal direction(10.61%). Conclusion: Septa of various heights and courses developed in all parts of the maxillary sinus. Therefore, to prevent possible complications during sinus surgery, CBCT is a good choice to observe the septa in maxillary sinus.

ObjectiveTo clarifythe current status of epidemiological investigation on ankyloglossia in Chinese population. MethodsLiterature on the morbidityofankyloglossia was searched in CNKI and was then analyzed.ResultsThe morbidity ofankyloglossia varied with age, which gradually decreased as age increased, while gender differences were not mentioned in the majority of literature. The morbidity ofankyloglossia of children with cleft lip and cleft palate was significantly higher than that of healthy children.ConclusionDue to strong subjectivity and the lack of a unified diagnosticstandard, the morbidity ofankyloglossia differed greatly among different age groupsin different regions by different scholars. Therefore, a unified standard for epidemiological investigation ofankyloglossia is urgently needed.

Abstract: Objective The aim of this cross-sectional study was to know about the current situation of dental caries and to determine its related risk factors in pupils of Shandong province, thus provide basis for oral health interventions in primary schools. Methods Based on the aim of the investigation, pupils' oral health examination form as well as pupils' and parents' oral health questionnaire were designed. Stratified sampling method was used to select samples for the investigation. Data was analyzed with software such as Foxpro6.0 and SPSS13.0. Results A total of 1126 pupils, including 581 males and 545 females, were surveyed. The percentage of primary caries was 46.80% and the DMFT was 1.46±2.111 (mean ± SD), the percentage of primary permanent teeth caries was 12.61% and the DMFT was 0.21±0.630 (mean ± SD). The parents’ educational level (P=0.047) and their estimate of their children’ oral health (P<0.001) were strongly associated with the prevalence of caries. Conclusion Risk factors found out in the investigation should be taken into account in strengthening the oral health education of pupils and their parents.

Abstract：Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of periodontal tissues. Dental plaque is the dominant pathogenic factor. In addition, periodontitis is also influenced by local contributing factors and systemic factors. The specific pathogenesis has not yet been clarified. Recently, with the rapid development of metabonomics, there is a new point of penetration to explore the mechanism of periodontitis. In this article, the concept, characteristics, detecting method and the application of metabonomic in periodontitis were reviewed.

Chemokines are the most promising chemotactic agents of in situ tissue engineering. As one of the most important chemokines, stromal cell derived factor-1(SDF-1) can facilitate the chemotaxis and migration of stem cells expressing C-X-C chemokine receptor type4 (CXCR4) to the site of injury to promote tissue regeneration. Approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the unique bone anabolic drug for the treatment of osteoporosis, which can mobilize stem cells from bone marrow into circulation and prevent the proteolytic cleavage of SDF-1 by inhibiting the specific protease dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). The dual effect of pushing and pulling on stem cells mediated by the combination of PTH and SDF-1 can recruit and home stem cells to promote tissue regeneration. This article made a brief review on the effects of SDF-1 and PTH on tissue regeneration.

The success rate of apical surgery has improved greatly by wide use of microsurgery instruments, new materials and cone beam computed tomography in recent years. The purpose of this article is to review the research and clinical progress in pre-operation, intra-operation, and post-operation of apical surgery.

It is the osseointegration that mainly affects the quality of oral implants. The osseointegration includes 1) the mechanical chimera between the early implant and alveolar bone, and 2) the neogenesis and rebuilding of the bone tissue surrounding the late implant. The implant osseointegration is affected by various factors such as the biological compatibility of implant materials, the surface structures and properties of implants, the implant surgery trauma, the healing ability of implant beds, and the implant load conditions. As an anabolic agent to bone, PTH1-34 is effective for bone formation in a short time, and it can accelerate the formation of osseointegration. Therefore, PTH1-34 can be widely used in oral implants. This article reviews the basic experiments and clinical applications concerning PTH1-34 in implant osseointegration.